Objective To understand the domestication and spread of horses in history, genetic information is essential.However, mitogenetic traits of ancient or medieval horses have yet to be comprehensively revealed, especially for East Asia.This study thus set out to reveal the maternal lineage of skeletal horse remains retrieved from a 15th century archaeo
Birds exhibit a specialized tail that serves as an integral part of the flight apparatus, supplementing the role of the wings in facilitating high performance aerial locomotion.The evolution of this function for the tail contributed to the diversification of birds by allowing them to utilize a wider range of flight behaviors and thus exploit a grea
It is often stated that the world is Gifts a small village.This aphorism is strongly supported by many important facts.The modern world is a cradle of many changes that pervade all the aspects of our life.Among those uncountable scientific achievements and technological progressions it is possible to mention the outstanding evolution of the means o
Based on the renewal process theory we develop a decomposition method to analyze the reliability of the repair facility in an n-unit series system with vacations.Using this approach, we study pistol crossbow the unavailability and the mean replacement number during (0,t] of the repair facility.The method proposed in this work is novel and concise,
Abstract Background Many animals face some form of conflict over reproductive opportunities.Queen selection in social insect colonies represents a high-stakes conflict where competition occurs among multiple queens for a few or a single reproductive role(s).The outcome of the contest is critical to the fitness of all colony individuals as most are